Fruit flies part 1: Introduction to Drosophila

Fruit flies are an excellent food for many surface feeding killifish, closely resembling their natural diets in the wild. They are easy to culture, quickly, cheaply and in large numbers. Fruit flys are rarely available in pet shops, but are widely available online, and very much worth trying, even if you don't bother culturing them on an ongoing basis.

What is a fruit fly?

Fruit flies are small flies that live on and around decaying fruit and vegetation. They occur worldwide, except the very coldest regions. The species most familiar to scientists, aquarists and herpetologists are in the genus Drosophila which literally means 'dew-lover' in Greek. Also known as 'bar fly' or 'vinegar fly', these little flies are commonly found around waste bins, bars, orchards etc, and they are widely used in laboratories as research animals. The species we feed to our fish however, have been bred to have shorter 'vestigial' wings, and as such can not fly. These are typically from two species Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila Hydei.

Why fruit flies?

Although dealing with highly mobile flies can be trickier than with worms, there are some great reasons to consider culturing them.

• Nutritious - all fish can be trained to eat flies, but surface feeders love them. Not only are they relished by the fish, but they also have a high fibre content, and are therefore a great contrast to the fattier foods such as worms and beef heart. They are also typically disease-free, unlike some aquatic livefoods.
• Prolific An adult fly can lay 20+ eggs in a day. Once you get the hang of it, fruit flies are easy to maintain, and at 25 deg. centigrade the development of Drosophila melanogaster takes just 9 days.
• Availability - unlike collected livefoods, cultured Drosophila are available all year round.
• Flightless flies available - fruit flies have been studied in laboratories for very many years, and a lot is known about the humble fruit fly. Over the course of these studies, geneticists line-bred many strains of fly, including vestigial-winged, and even wingless flies. These are the flies typically cultured by hobbiests.

Drosophila larvae in a typical culture

Drosophila larvae climb up the walls of their vials and chrysalise

Drosophila pupae

Drosophila life cycle

Adult flies lay a lot of eggs. A single female can lay over 20 eggs in a day, and can store sperm within her body for up to two weeks, to lay fertilized eggs at will.

Eggs take 23 hours to hatch at 25 deg C. Once they do hatch, the larvae bury into the media and grow. They will stay as larvae for five days, in which time they undergo three moults.

Eventually they will start to climb the sides of the vial, and when fully grown will settle near the top, and form a chrysalis. The change from maggot to fly takes around three days, but again, is temperature dependent.

The image to the right shows a newly formed chrysalis with the lava's segments still visible (1), an older chrysalis with the fly clearly visible. The red dots are its eyes (2) and an empty chrysalis from which a fly will have hatched (3).

Once the flies have emerged they must be moved to new vials, as there is now no food suitable for them in the old vials.

Fruit fly cultures for sale

Repashy Superfly Fruit Fly Culture Media Bearded Dragon Crested Gecko Reptile

Danville, New Hampshire, 038**, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

$15

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Fruit Fly Media, makes 24 cultures

Cottage Grove, Minnesota, 550**, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

$25

Finn's Frog Farm
Fruit Fly Media
Makes 24 fruit fly cultures
Multi Species Formula
Cultures should be kept below 85 degrees and will start producing flies in 12-14 days. Depending on temperature and humidity of your location, adjust the amount of water
Dryer conditions more water, humid conditions less water
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Flightless Fruit Fly Culture Drosophila Melanogaster

Stockton, California, 952**, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

$15

Our Drosophila Melanogaster flightless fruit fly cultures are specifically cultivated to provide a nutritious and stimulating food source for your pets! They are a great food option for reptiles, spiders, and even tropical fish, I feed these to my mourning geckos and they love them! Flightless fruit flies are an ideal addition to your pets diet, offering a natural and diverse food option that promotes health and enrichment

Melanogaster fruit flies are packed with essential proteins, ... more

Fruit Fly Culture 4Pack Variety Live Flightless Turkish Gliders Golden and Hydei

Dover, Pennsylvania, 173**, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

$30

This Fruit Fly Culture 4Pack Variety is the perfect food for your pet reptiles. You'll receive live flightless fruit flies of different species, including Turkish Gliders, Golden, and Hydei. These fruit flies are bred by Crazy Frog Lady L L.C , a trusted brand in the pet supplies industry.
Use this variety pack to provide nutrition to your reptiles and keep them healthy. These live fruit flies are a great source of protein and are easy to digest. They also provide entertainment for your pets... more

Live Fruit Fly Culture + additional complete culture kit. 1 live, 1 backup.

Gadsden, Alabama, 359**, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

$20

Cultures are currently FRESH.
You will receive one LIVE Fruit Fly Culture. Melanogaster. Use the culture until the larvae, food, is gone and the colony is dying off. Assemble your new culture. Everything you need is included. You use the last remaining flies (start with at least 50), water, and the kit contents. Follow the instructions below. There you have it. A brand new culture!
Shipment includes:(1) Fruit Fly culture with flies (1) 32 oz cup (1) vented lidexcelsior
(1 / ... more